SD Card SPI timing graphs

This whole SD-card-access-via-SPI is proving to be a bit of a headache.
Just to make sure we're not having a timing issue (cards need to be interfaced at < 400khz until properly initialised) we've even resorted to bit-banging the SPI and introducing delays between pin wiggling on the clock line.

The frustrating thing is that despite numerous attempts, we're still getting nothing back from the SD card. We found a cut down FAT16 library for Hi-tech C compiler, and tried converting that back to SourceBoost with limited success.

Using this hacked-up code, we did manage to get something back from the SD card:

The response we're looking for is 0x01. This is visible on the probe output (above) and the probe software correctly identifies it as 0x01 but for some reason, our code doesn't interpret it as such. It may be because the clock cycles - complete with stretching where the crazy library-based code tries to re-sync the clock line (and, it looks like, it fails!)

At least we're getting something back from the SD card, so we can presume it is actually powered up!
However, following the SD guide, sending the command bit 0x40, then 4 bytes of 0x00 and a CRC checksum of 0x95 should, after a few clock cycles, see 0x01 being returned from the SD card.

Sadly, we never see this...

#include <system.h>

//config1 = 0x0044      //68 =4+64
//config2 = 0x1DFF      //7676 = 1+2+4+8+16+32+64+128+256+1024+2048+4096

#pragma DATA _CONFIG1, 0x0804
#pragma DATA _CONFIG2, 0x1DFF
#pragma CLOCK_FREQ 32000000

typedef unsigned char byte;
unsigned char r;
unsigned char goSlow;
unsigned char spiIn;
unsigned char spiOut;

// ################################################################################

void toggleClock(){
      portc.0=1;
      if (goSlow=1){delay_us(10);}
      portc.0=0;
      if (goSlow=1){delay_us(8);}
      portc.0=1;
}

unsigned char sendAndReceiveSPI(unsigned char in){
      unsigned char tmp;
      tmp=0;
      spiOut=in;
      spiIn=0x00;
     
      if(spiOut.7==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=128;}
     
      if(spiOut.6==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=64;}
     
      if(spiOut.5==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=32;}
     
      if(spiOut.4==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=16;}
     
      if(spiOut.3==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=8;}
     
      if(spiOut.2==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=4;}
     
      if(spiOut.1==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=2;}
     
      if(spiOut.0==1){ porta.4=1;}else{porta.4=0;}
      toggleClock();
      if(portc.1==1){spiIn+=1;}
     
      return(spiIn);
}

void assertCS(){
      porta.1=0;
}

void deassertCS(){
      porta.1=1;
}

void initSDCard(){
      unsigned char i;
     
      // pull the SD card power pin low
      porta.0=0;
      delay_ms(1);
           
      // pull all the other pins low - they should be low
      // during the SD card power-up cycle
      portc.0=0;
      portc.1=0;
      portc.2=0;
      porta.3=0;
      porta.1=1;      // hold CS high during power up
      portc.0=1;      // hold clock high during rest
     
      // power up the SD card
      // (this is also the trigger on the logic probe)
      porta.0=1;
     
      // clock a few pulses to clear buffers etc.
      deassertCS();
      for(i=0; i<10; i++){
            r=sendAndReceiveSPI(0x00);
      }

     
      // enable the CS on the SD card
      assertCS();
                       
      // send the reset command (0x40 | 0b10000000)
      r=sendAndReceiveSPI(0x40);
     
      // send four blank/null bytes
      for(i=0; i<4; i++){
            r=sendAndReceiveSPI(0x00);
      }
      // send the CRC/checksum
      r=sendAndReceiveSPI(0x95);
           
      while(r!=0x01){
            r=sendAndReceiveSPI(0xFF);
      }
     
      // turn off debugging
      porta.0=0;
}

void initialise(){
     
      osccon=0b11110000;            // oscillator=32mhz
      intcon=0b11000000;            // global interrupts enabled and peripheral interrupts
      apfcon0=0b00000000;            // alternative pin function - bit6: SDO1 function is on RA4=1, RC2=0
      trisa=0x00;                        // all outputs on portA
      trisc=0b00000010;            // all portC lines are output except pin1 (RC1=spi in)     
      ansela=0x00;                  // turn off analogue pins on portA
      anselc=0x00;                  // turn off analogue pins on portC     
      option_reg=0b10000000;      // no weak pull-ups
     
      goSlow=1;
}

void main(){
      initialise();
      delay_ms(10);     
      initSDCard();
}

void interrupt(void){
      // bit zero of pir1 is tmr1 overflow interrupt
      if(pir1.0==1){
            // clear the timer1 interrupt flag
            pir1.0=0;
            // preload timer1 to get the next interrupt to occur in a timely manner           
      }
}

Once we get the basic SD initialise working, we'll look at putting it back onto the SPI hardware (bit-banging is soooo last year) but for now we're just trying to get the SD card to even acknowledge it's presence!

PIC 16F1825 pinout for SPI/SD card interface:

SPI_CLOCK:  RC0
SPI_MISO (in): RC1
SPI_MOSI (out): RC2 / RA3 (can be changed in firmware)

We're using RA0 to turn the SD card on through a FET
SPI_CS (chip select): RA1